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961.
A. Wolf R. Aeckersberg H. W. Scherer A. Moeller W. Amelung 《Soil Use and Management》2012,28(2):177-184
The slow alteration of the surface of charred biomass (biochar) over time may contribute to an improved nutrient retention and thus fertility of tropical soils. Here, we investigated soils from temperate climates and investigated whether a technical steam activation of biochar could accelerate its positive effects on nutrient retention and uptake by plants relative to nonactivated biochar. To this aim, we performed microcosm experiments with sandy or silty soil, mixed with 2.0, 7.5 and 15.0 g/kg soil of fine (<2 mm) or coarse‐sized (2–10 mm) biochar from beech wood (Fagus sp.). After initial fertilizer (NPK), ashes and excess nutrients were leached with water, and the microcosms were planted for 142 days with Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ssp. italicum). Thereafter, leachate, soil and plant samples were analysed for their nutrient contents. The results showed that biochar additions of ≤15 g/kg soil left elevated contents of available P and N in the surface soil but reduced their uptake into the plants. As a result, total biomass production was unchanged. Different particle size and application amounts influenced these findings only marginally. Nitrate leaching was enhanced in the sandy soil (+41% for nitrate, but reduced in the silty soil ?17%) and P was immobilized. Hence, the fertility of the temperate soils under study was only marginally affected by pure biochar amendments. Steam activation, however, almost doubled the positive effects of biochars in all instances, thus being an interesting option for future biochar applications. 相似文献
962.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3-4):397-412
Abstract Relations among the expression of banana disease symptoms caused by the soil fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, soil potassium (K)–sodium (Na) properties [soluble K‐Na ratios (SK/SS), potential buffering capacity for K (KBC), potassium adsorption ratio (KAR)], and clay‐sized particles were evaluated in Sorribas plots from the Canary Islands. Soils were sampled in areas of Sorribas where banana plants show positive or negative wilting symptoms characteristic of Panama disease. The Bartoli method was used for soil dispersion (Na resin). This method was able to show a clear separation between diseased and disease‐free areas by the amount of clay‐sized particles. Results also show that the greatest SK/SS ratios and clay‐sized particles in soils from diseased areas could explain the increase of water‐stable aggregate mass in these soils and the release of available iron (Fe) to soil solution in diseased areas, at least in Sorribas cultivated soils under the arid climate conditions of the Canary Islands. 相似文献
963.
旱区农业要大力推广喷灌与滴灌机械化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
经过对喷灌与滴灌技术原理的探讨,提出旱区农业要发展推广喷灌和滴灌技术,并就喷灌与滴灌技术应用中的选型、配置、安装等方面的问题作分析。 相似文献
964.
965.
966.
介绍了库鄯输油管道的SCADA系统的配置以及该系统所彩和的OASYS5.2系统软件的结构,特点与应用,OASYS5.25系统具有良好的界面,能很好地与其它软件兼容。应用该系统可实现全线的启停高度自动化,在自动化管理方面达到了世界管道的先进水平。 相似文献
967.
淡水养殖鱼类主要细菌性传染病快速诊断的研究——鱼病诊断箱的应用试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用以葡萄球菌A蛋白协同凝集试验(SPA-COA)为主要检测手段的鱼病诊断箱,于1995 ̄1997年在吉林,辽宁等7省进行现场检测试验。结果,61个渔场11个品种的516尾病鱼有菌生长的285尾,经SPA-COA鉴定阳性数为239尾,占有菌生长的83.86%,12个渔场5个品种1216尾假定健康鱼有菌生长的为28尾,经SPA-COA鉴定阳性数为22尾,占有菌生长的78.57%,认为本诊断箱适用于基 相似文献
968.
NBL1010型电子加速器的辐照应用 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文系统介绍NBL 1 0 1 0型电子加速器在半导体器件改性、宝石着色、环保三废处理、辐射化学合成、农业废弃物辐射降解、一次性医疗用品消毒、食品保鲜、药用植物辐照灭菌、水晶着色、辐照商品养护等应用效果 ,并与60 Co辐照加工进行比较 相似文献
969.
970.
Soil degradation threatens sustainable food production and accelerates global warming. Poorer countries, whose agricultural sectors are highly dependent on their natural resource bases, are hit particularly hard by declining soil productivity. Calls for soil‐quality monitoring are therefore, justified and this could inform decision‐makers on the preparation of appropriate interventions. However, the provision of monitoring methodologies is not an easy task. Soil degradation affects several soil characteristics that at larger scales cannot be evaluated with models or remote‐sensing techniques. Therefore, this study focuses on investigating the use of field‐based soil assessment methodologies to differentiate degrees of soil degradation. Specifically, we test the Visual Soil Field Assessment Tool (VS‐Fast) for detecting and monitoring soil degradation using a cross‐section of 71 sites in Senegal, the soil quality of which were classed by local experts. We found low correlation between VS‐Fast classes and expert assessments. By using an ordered logit model to quantify class boundaries, we show that experts categorized areas as ‘degraded’ for a wider range and higher VS‐Fast scores than the corresponding VS‐Fast class. Yet, from general linear models and analysis of variance procedures we found that areas classed by experts as ‘degraded’ had statistically significant lower VS‐Fast scores compared to those that were judged as ‘normal’ and ‘good’, while differences of the VS‐Fast scores between the latter two were negligible. It is remarkable that the visual assessment, the cheaper component of the VS‐Fast score, performs better in differentiating degradation status than its measured counterpart. The results support the need to investigate the applicability of other VSA methodologies that only use field observations and tactile methods. 相似文献